Brain Cancer

Brain cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the brain, forming a tumor that disrupts normal brain function. These tumors can be either primary (originating in the brain) or secondary (spread from other parts of the body). Primary brain cancers can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), with malignant tumors often being aggressive and potentially life-threatening. Brain cancer can affect critical brain functions like memory, speech, movement, and cognitive abilities.

Causes

The exact cause of brain cancer remains unknown, but several factors increase the risk. Genetics plays a role in some cases, where inherited mutations may predispose individuals to cancer. Environmental exposures, like radiation, can also be a contributing factor. Additionally, a family history of cancer, exposure to carcinogens, and weakened immune systems due to medical conditions or treatments might increase susceptibility to developing brain tumors.

Symptoms

Symptoms of brain cancer vary based on the tumor's location and size. Common symptoms include persistent headaches, often more severe in the morning or with activity. Patients may also experience nausea, vomiting, and blurred vision due to increased pressure in the skull. Other symptoms include seizures, difficulty with speech, memory loss, changes in personality, and weakness in limbs, which could signal an impact on specific areas of the brain.

Treatment

Treatment for brain cancer depends on the tumor's type, size, location, and overall health of the patient. Surgery is often the first option to remove as much of the tumor as possible. Other treatments include radiation therapy to target remaining cancer cells and chemotherapy to slow or stop tumor growth. Targeted therapies and immunotherapy are newer treatments that can be used in combination to improve outcomes. Supportive care, like physical therapy and medication, helps manage symptoms and improve quality of life.