Spinal Infection

A spinal infection, also known as vertebral osteomyelitis, is a serious condition characterized by the presence of bacteria, fungi, or other microorganisms in the spinal structures, such as the vertebrae, intervertebral discs, or surrounding soft tissues. This infection can cause severe pain, inflammation, and damage to the spine. If not promptly treated, spinal infections can lead to abscess formation, neurological deficits, or even paralysis.

Causes

Spinal infections can develop from direct bacterial or fungal invasion due to spinal surgeries, injections, or injuries. In most cases, however, the infection spreads to the spine through the bloodstream from other infected parts of the body, such as the urinary tract or lungs. Common risk factors include a weakened immune system, chronic illnesses like diabetes, intravenous drug use, and poor postoperative hygiene.

Symptoms

Typical symptoms include severe back or neck pain that worsens with movement, fever, chills, and localized swelling or redness. Neurological symptoms such as numbness, tingling, or muscle weakness may indicate nerve compression. In advanced cases, patients may experience loss of bladder or bowel control, which requires immediate medical intervention.

Treatment

Treatment options for spinal infections include prolonged courses of antibiotics or antifungal medications to eliminate the underlying infection. Pain management and immobilization of the spine may be recommended to prevent further damage. In severe cases, surgical intervention is necessary to drain abscesses, debride infected tissues, or stabilize the spine. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent permanent damage.