Sciatica

Sciatica is a condition characterized by pain radiating along the path of the sciatic nerve, which extends from the lower back, through the hips, and down each leg. It typically affects one side of the body and can range from mild discomfort to severe, sharp pain. Sciatica is often caused by compression or irritation of the sciatic nerve, leading to symptoms that may worsen with prolonged sitting, sudden movements, or physical activity. 

Causes

The most common causes of sciatica include a herniated disc, spinal stenosis, degenerative disc disease, or bone spurs that compress the sciatic nerve. Additional risk factors include obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, diabetes, and occupations that require heavy lifting or long periods of sitting.

Symptoms

Sciatica symptoms include sharp pain, burning sensations, or numbness that radiates from the lower back to the buttocks and down the leg. Some people experience muscle weakness, tingling sensations, or a loss of reflexes in the affected leg. In severe cases, sciatica may cause difficulties in walking, standing, or maintaining balance.

Treatment

Treatment options for sciatica include rest, physical therapy, pain medications, and anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce nerve inflammation. Epidural steroid injections may provide temporary relief in more severe cases. Surgery, such as microdiscectomy, may be recommended if conservative treatments fail to alleviate the pain or if there is significant nerve compression.